{"id":291,"date":"2026-09-27T21:28:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T20:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/?page_id=291"},"modified":"2026-09-29T20:54:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T19:54:32","slug":"chapter-fourteen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/?page_id=291","title":{"rendered":"SEED CREED"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Propagation by Seed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>What is propagation by seed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"816\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-15-2026-09_59_34-AM-1024x816.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-294\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.255533199195171;width:624px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-15-2026-09_59_34-AM-1024x816.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-15-2026-09_59_34-AM-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-15-2026-09_59_34-AM-767x611.png 767w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-15-2026-09_59_34-AM.png 1405w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Propagation by seed is a form of <strong>sexual reproduction<\/strong>. Unlike vegetative propagation, such as cuttings or division, seed is produced following the reproductive process involving genetic material from parent plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means plants grown from seed are <strong>not necessarily genetically identical to the parent plant<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed propagation is one of the most important methods of producing plants and is used for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vegetables<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>annual flowers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>herbaceous plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trees<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shrubs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wildflowers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>crops<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a horticulturist, successful seed sowing depends on understanding both the <strong>seed<\/strong> and the <strong>conditions needed for germination<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>What is a Seed?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A seed contains a developing plant, together with stored food reserves and a protective covering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic structures include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>seed coat<\/strong> \u2013 protects the seed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>embryo<\/strong> \u2013 the young developing plant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>food reserves<\/strong> \u2013 provide energy during early development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When suitable conditions are provided, the seed absorbs water and begins to germinate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The process can be simplified as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Water + oxygen + suitable temperature \u2192 germination \u2192 root \u2192 shoot \u2192 seedling<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Light is also important for many species, particularly after germination, although not every seed requires light to germinate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Seed Size Matters<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed size has a direct effect on how it should be handled and sown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For practical horticulture, seeds can be broadly divided into:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Large seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sweet pea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>broad bean<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>runner bean<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sunflower<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>acorn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Medium seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>French bean<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nasturtium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>calendula<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>many vegetable and flower seeds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Small seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>lettuce<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>carrot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>poppy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>foxglove<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>many herbs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>many wildflower species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These categories are not strict botanical classifications. They are useful <strong>practical sowing categories<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Large Seed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large seeds are easier to handle individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They can usually be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>picked up by hand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>spaced accurately<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pushed into the soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>covered relatively deeply<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large seeds generally contain larger food reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This allows the emerging seedling to push through a greater depth of growing medium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Typical technique<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A hole or drill is made to the appropriate depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seed is placed into the hole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The soil is drawn over the seed and gently firmed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many large seeds, sowing depth is often around <strong>2\u20133 times the seed&#8217;s diameter<\/strong>, although the correct depth depends on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Medium Seed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medium-sized seeds can usually be handled individually or sown using controlled methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples include many:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vegetables<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lettuce<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>carrots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>annual flowers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>herbs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They generally require a shallower sowing depth than large seeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seed should have sufficient contact with the growing medium without being buried excessively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A useful principle is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Small seed \u2192 shallow sowing.<br>Large seed \u2192 deeper sowing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, always check the requirements of the individual species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Small \/ Fine Seed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Small seed presents a different challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It may be difficult to pick up and space individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Papaver<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digitalis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lobelia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>some herbs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Small seed is generally sown <strong>very shallowly \u2013 sometimes just on the surface<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some seed may only require a light covering of compost or fine soil or none at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Very small seeds may even require light to germinate and should be sown on the surface or covered only very lightly, depending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Comparing Seed Sizes<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Seed size<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Handling<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Typical sowing depth<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Common technique<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Large<\/strong><\/td><td>Easy to handle individually<\/td><td>Relatively deep<\/td><td>Individual holes or deep drill<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Medium<\/strong><\/td><td>Usually manageable individually<\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><td>Shallow drill or individual sowing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Small<\/strong><\/td><td>Difficult to handle individually<\/td><td>Very shallow<\/td><td>Fine drill, surface sowing or careful broadcasting<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Never assume all seed should be sown at the same depth.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The size of the seed gives the gardener an important clue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-08_57_33-PM-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-295\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:624px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-08_57_33-PM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-08_57_33-PM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-08_57_33-PM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-08_57_33-PM.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>What is a Drill?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>drill<\/strong> is a shallow channel made in the soil into which seed is sown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drills make sowing more controlled and organised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They allow the gardener to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>control sowing depth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>create straight rows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>space plants consistently<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>identify the crop<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>distinguish seedlings from weeds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cultivate between rows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>water accurately<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitor germination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drills can have different shapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Flat-Bottom Drill<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A flat-bottom drill has a relatively flat base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can be useful where the gardener wants to create a consistent shallow sowing zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seed sits along the bottom of the drill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A simple cross-section looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soil surface<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp; SEED&nbsp;&nbsp; |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_____|_________|________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>provides a consistent sowing depth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable for certain medium-sized seed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gives good contact between seed and soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>relatively simple to create<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The drill should not be excessively deep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>V-Drill<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A V-shaped drill has sloping sides that meet towards the bottom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soil surface<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\&nbsp;&nbsp; \/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\_\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;SEED<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The V-shape can help position seed towards the base of the drill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is particularly useful for accurate sowing of small quantities of seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The depth should still be appropriate for the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A V-shaped drill is <strong>not automatically better<\/strong> than a flat-bottom drill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The choice depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>seed size<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soil condition<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>crop<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sowing method<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>desired spacing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why Sow in Lines?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sowing in lines is not simply about making the garden look tidy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Straight rows provide several practical advantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>1. Easier identification<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seedlings appear in a predictable line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This helps distinguish them from weeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>2. Easier weeding<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gardener can hoe or cultivate between rows without disturbing the crop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>3. Easier maintenance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Watering, thinning and monitoring become easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>4. Consistent spacing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plants have more predictable access to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>light<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>water<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nutrients<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>space<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>5. Easier harvesting<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rows make crops easier to locate and harvest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>6. Better use of space<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gardener can plan plant spacing rather than allowing plants to compete randomly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why Sow in Staggered Rows?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Staggered sowing means that plants in adjacent rows are offset rather than directly opposite one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Row 1:&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Row 2:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Row 3:&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can improve the use of available space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When plants are staggered:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>there may be less direct competition between neighbouring plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the available growing area can be used more efficiently<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>leaves may have improved access to light<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>root systems may have more evenly distributed growing space<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Staggered spacing is particularly useful when plants are grown relatively close together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_03_58-PM-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-296\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:624px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_03_58-PM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_03_58-PM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_03_58-PM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_03_58-PM.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Lines vs Broadcasting<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two broad approaches to sowing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Row sowing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed is placed in organised rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>easy to identify<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>easy to weed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>easy to thin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>controlled spacing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>easier crop management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Broadcasting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed is scattered across an area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is commonly used for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>wildflower areas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lawns<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>some green manures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>certain ornamental displays<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Broadcasting can produce a more natural appearance, but accurate spacing and subsequent weeding become more difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Seedbed Preparation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Successful seed propagation begins before the seed is sown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seedbed should generally be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>free from large weeds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reasonably fine and friable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>adequately moist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>free from large stones and debris<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable for the crop<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fine seedbed is particularly important for small seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large clods can create problems because small seeds can fall into deep gaps and become buried too deeply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_08_53-PM-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-297\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.6658227848101266;width:526px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_08_53-PM-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_08_53-PM-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_08_53-PM-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_08_53-PM.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why Soil Structure Matters<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed requires close contact with the growing medium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Too many large air gaps can prevent consistent moisture around the seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, excessive compaction can reduce oxygen availability and restrict emerging roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ideal seedbed provides:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Moisture + oxygen + contact + suitable temperature<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why soil preparation matters so much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Sowing the Seed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 1 \u2014 Prepare the area<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remove weeds and prepare a suitable seedbed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 2 \u2014 Mark the row<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a line or marker to create a straight row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 3 \u2014 Create the drill<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Make either the appropriate flat-bottom or V-shaped drill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 4 \u2014 Sow the seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Place the seed at the correct spacing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 5 \u2014 Cover<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cover with an appropriate depth of fine soil or compost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 6 \u2014 Firm<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gently firm the surface to ensure good contact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 7 \u2014 Water<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Water carefully without washing the seed away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Step 8 \u2014 Label<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Record:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>plant name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>variety<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>date<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sowing method<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Thinning<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seeds are often sown more closely than the final plants require.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once seedlings have emerged, they may need to be <strong>thinned<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thinning involves removing some seedlings so that the remaining plants have sufficient space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is particularly important where direct-sown crops have been sown in rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gardener should avoid pulling neighbouring seedlings out of the soil accidentally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A useful technique is to remove unwanted seedlings carefully while the soil is moist enough for easy removal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Germination Requirements<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different seeds have different requirements, but the main factors are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Water<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seed must absorb water before germination can begin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Oxygen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respiration is required to provide energy for growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Temperature<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each species has a suitable temperature range for germination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Light<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some seeds germinate better in darkness, some require light, and many are relatively unaffected within a suitable range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Always check the requirements of the individual seed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Seed Dormancy<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some seeds do not germinate immediately even when conditions appear suitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This may be because they are <strong>dormant<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dormancy can be broken using treatments such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>stratification<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>scarification<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soaking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alternating temperatures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>exposure to light or darkness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These techniques are species-specific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_15_36-PM-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-298\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:624px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_15_36-PM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_15_36-PM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_15_36-PM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-27-2026-09_15_36-PM.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Direct Sowing vs Sowing Under Protection<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Direct sowing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed is sown directly into the final growing position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>less transplanting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>less root disturbance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>simple<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>useful for many vegetables and hardy annuals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>seedlings exposed to pests and weather<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>weeds compete directly with seedlings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>germination can be less reliable in poor conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Sowing under protection<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed is sown in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>trays<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>modules<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>propagators<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>greenhouses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>greater environmental control<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protection from adverse weather<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>easier monitoring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>additional equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>seedlings eventually need transplanting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>risk of damping off if conditions are poorly managed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>PPE and Health &amp; Safety<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seed sowing is generally a low-risk task, but normal horticultural precautions still apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Activity<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hazard<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Control \/ PPE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparing soil<\/td><td>Dust<\/td><td>Avoid creating dust; suitable gloves<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Using hand tools<\/td><td>Cuts<\/td><td>Use tools correctly; keep them maintained<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Handling compost<\/td><td>Dust and microorganisms<\/td><td>Gloves; wash hands after use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Raking soil<\/td><td>Flying particles<\/td><td>Eye protection where appropriate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Repetitive sowing<\/td><td>Hand or wrist strain<\/td><td>Good working position; appropriate tools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Watering<\/td><td>Slips<\/td><td>Clean spills and maintain good housekeeping<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-27_212814428-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-27_212814428-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-27_212814428-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-27_212814428-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-27_212814428.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Common Mistakes<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Sowing too deeply<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is particularly common with small seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Sowing too densely<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overcrowded seedlings compete for resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Poor soil preparation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large clods make consistent sowing difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Washing seed away<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heavy watering can move seed from its intended position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Failing to label<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different seedlings can look remarkably similar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Confusing seedlings with weeds<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one reason straight rows are so useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Allowing the seedbed to dry out<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Newly sown seed requires appropriate moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Waterlogging<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Too much water can reduce oxygen and encourage disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Practical Seed-Sowing Activity<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Prepare and sow a seedbed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Plant:<\/strong> ______________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seed size:<\/strong> Large \/ Medium \/ Small<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Date:<\/strong> ______________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sowing method:<\/strong> Direct \/ Protected<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drill type:<\/strong> Flat-bottom \/ V-shaped \/ Other<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Row spacing:<\/strong> _________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seed spacing:<\/strong> ________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sowing depth:<\/strong> ________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PPE used:<\/strong> ____________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Student Observation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why was this sowing depth selected?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why was this drill shape selected?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why were the seeds sown in lines?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Would staggered rows be useful for this crop?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>What could happen if the seed were sown too deeply?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Seed Size Challenge<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Match the seed to the likely sowing technique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>A \u2014 Large seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sweet pea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likely technique:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>B \u2014 Medium seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Calendula<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likely technique:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>C \u2014 Small seed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Poppy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likely technique:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now explain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why should the three seeds not necessarily be sown at the same depth?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Remember<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Good seed sowing is not simply:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cPut seed in soil.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is about giving every seed the best possible opportunity to germinate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think about:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seed size \u2192 sowing depth \u2192 spacing \u2192 soil condition \u2192 moisture \u2192 temperature \u2192 light<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shape of the drill matters because it helps control where the seed sits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The arrangement of the rows matters because it affects how the crop will be managed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And the size of the seed matters because a tiny seed does not have the same resources as a large seedling embryo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A professional horticulturist therefore does not sow every seed in the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Look at the seed. Understand the plant. Then choose the technique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), guidance on sowing seed and raising plants from seed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), <em>Raising Plants from Seed<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hartmann, H.T. et al., <em>Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bewley, J.D. et al., <em>Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taiz, L. et al., <em>Plant Physiology and Development<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Health and Safety Executive (HSE), guidance on safe use of hand tools and horticultural materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Propagation by Seed What is propagation by seed? Propagation by seed is a form of sexual reproduction. Unlike vegetative propagation, such as cuttings or&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-291","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=291"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":422,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/291\/revisions\/422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}