{"id":202,"date":"2026-09-26T18:12:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T17:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/?page_id=202"},"modified":"2026-09-29T20:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T19:47:34","slug":"chapter-eight","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/?page_id=202","title":{"rendered":"PLANTING"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Planting Trees, Shrubs and Smaller Plants<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181627538-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181627538-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181627538-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181627538-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181627538.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Planting is one of the most basic horticultural operations, but it is surprisingly easy to get wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A plant can be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the right species<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>healthy when purchased<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>planted in the right season<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and still fail because it has been planted:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>too deeply<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>too shallowly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in compacted soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>without sufficient water<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>with damaged roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>with the wrong stake arrangement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>without adequate aftercare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Planting is therefore not simply:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dig a hole \u2192 put plant in \u2192 fill hole.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is about creating the conditions in which roots can establish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic principle is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The aim of planting is to establish a healthy root system, not simply to put a plant in the ground.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Before Planting<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before digging, check:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>The plant<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is it healthy?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is it correctly identified?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the root system healthy?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is it pot-bound?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the plant damaged?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>The site<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is the soil suitable?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is drainage adequate?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the light appropriate?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there enough space?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are there underground services?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Will the plant eventually become too large?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>The weather<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid planting into:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>frozen soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>waterlogged soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>excessively dry soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>very hot conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The soil should be workable rather than wet and smeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Bare-Root, Container-Grown and Root-Balled Plants<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The planting technique varies according to how the plant has been supplied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Bare-root<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The roots are exposed and not contained in compost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Often planted during the dormant season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Container-grown<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plant has been grown in a pot or container.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can often be planted over a longer season if conditions are suitable and aftercare is provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Root-balled<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The roots and surrounding soil are lifted together, often with a supporting material around the root ball.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Commonly used for larger trees and shrubs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>The Planting Hole<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The hole should generally be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>wider than the root system<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">rather than simply extremely deep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sides and base of the hole should allow roots to grow out into the surrounding soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid creating a deep hole filled with loose soil into which the plant can sink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-26-2026-06_00_13-PM-1024x614.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-26-2026-06_00_13-PM-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-26-2026-06_00_13-PM-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-26-2026-06_00_13-PM-767x460.png 767w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-26-2026-06_00_13-PM-1536x921.png 1536w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-26-2026-06_00_13-PM.png 1619w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>How Deep Should a Plant Be Planted?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most important questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A plant should generally be planted at approximately the <strong>same depth at which it was previously growing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a tree, look carefully for the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>root flare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">or:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>root collar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where the trunk begins to broaden as the major roots emerge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The root flare should generally remain visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting Too Deep<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Planting too deeply can cause serious problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>restrict oxygen around the stem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>encourage stem decay<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>interfere with root function<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>encourage poor root development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>weaken the plant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>eventually contribute to tree failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most common mistakes when planting trees is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>burying the stem too deeply.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting Too Shallow<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Planting too shallowly can also cause problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plant may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dry out rapidly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>have exposed roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>become unstable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suffer root damage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The answer is not simply:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cPlant everything shallow.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Plant at the correct depth for that plant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Backfilling the Hole<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The excavated soil can often be used to backfill the planting hole if it is suitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid automatically filling the hole with rich compost or imported soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because roots need to grow out from the planting hole into the surrounding soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the planting hole contains very different material from the surrounding soil, roots may be reluctant to move beyond it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The aim is to create:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a transition between the plant and the existing soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Should We Add Compost?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compost or organic matter may be appropriate where soil needs improvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>more compost is not always better.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>soil type<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>organic matter level<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plant requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soil structure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>drainage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic matter is particularly useful where it genuinely improves the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should not simply be treated as a universal planting ingredient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Should We Tease Out the Roots?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This depends on the plant and root condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A container-grown plant may have roots that have begun to circle around the inside of the pot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These can be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gently loosened<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>teased out<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>redirected<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">where appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The aim is to encourage roots to grow into the surrounding soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Root-Bound Plants<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A severely root-bound plant may have:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dense circling roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>roots growing around the pot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>little visible growing medium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>restricted root development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If left untreated, roots may continue growing in circles after planting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is particularly important with trees and shrubs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Should We Cut Roots?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not automatically cut roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unnecessary root damage can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>reduce the plant&#8217;s ability to absorb water<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>increase transplant stress<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>create wounds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reduce establishment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remove:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dead roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>badly damaged roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>unsuitable severely circling roots where necessary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but retain as much healthy root as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting a Small Plant<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a small herbaceous plant:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prepare the soil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dig a suitable hole.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Remove the plant from its container.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Check the roots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gently loosen congested roots if necessary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Position at the correct depth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Backfill.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Firm gently.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water thoroughly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provide appropriate aftercare.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smaller plants generally establish more quickly than large plants because they have a smaller root system to support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting a Shrub<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180653567-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180653567-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180653567-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180653567-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180653567.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shrubs require greater consideration of their eventual size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before planting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Look at the mature dimensions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A shrub that looks small in a 3-litre pot may eventually occupy several square metres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The planting process is generally:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prepare the site.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dig a suitable hole.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Check the roots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Position correctly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Check planting depth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Backfill.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Firm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mulch where appropriate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitor during establishment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting a Tree<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180439405-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180439405-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180439405-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180439405-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_180439405.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trees require particular care because they may remain in the landscape for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before planting, consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>final height<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>canopy spread<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>root space<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>buildings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>roads<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>overhead services<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>underground services<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>drainage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>future maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A mistake made during tree planting can remain visible for generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Tree Root Flare<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When planting a tree, find the point where the trunk begins to flare outward into the roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>root flare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should generally be at or slightly above the surrounding finished soil level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not bury the root flare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If it is difficult to find because the tree has been planted too deeply in its container, carefully remove excess growing medium from the top of the root ball where appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Tree Staking<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young trees may need support after planting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The purpose of a stake is not necessarily to hold the tree rigid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The tree needs to be able to move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Movement can encourage the development of a stronger trunk and root system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A stake should support the tree, not imprison it.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Where Should the Stake Go?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many newly planted trees, a <strong>low stake<\/strong> is appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stake is normally positioned so that the tree can move naturally above the point of attachment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A common arrangement is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>stake + flexible tie + tree<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact position depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tree size<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>root-ball type<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>exposure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tree form<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>local practice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Does It Matter Which Side the Stake Goes?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, it can.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stake should be positioned to provide effective support while avoiding damage to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the trunk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>root system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>branches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stake should not rub against the trunk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where prevailing winds are significant, positioning and tying should be considered so that the support protects the tree without preventing useful movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no universal rule that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cthe stake must always go on the north side.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Good staking is about:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>support + movement + protection.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Common Staking Mistakes<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tying the tree rigidly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>using a tie that cuts into the trunk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>leaving ties on indefinitely<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>damaging the root ball<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>placing the stake where it damages major roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>using a stake simply because \u201ctrees always need stakes\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some trees establish successfully without staking in sheltered situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>When Should a Tree Be Staked?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider staking when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the site is exposed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the tree has a large crown<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the root system is limited<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the tree has been root-balled<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the tree is unstable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>there is a risk of wind rock<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A sheltered small tree with a good root system may not always require permanent support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Watering In<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In most situations, a newly planted tree, shrub or small plant should be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>watered thoroughly after planting.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This helps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>settle the soil around the roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>remove large air pockets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>provide moisture for establishment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>encourage contact between roots and soil<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is commonly described as <strong>watering in.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why Watering In Matters<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even when the soil appears moist, planting can create gaps around the root system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Watering helps settle the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>watering in does not mean keeping the plant permanently waterlogged.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plant needs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>water<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>oxygen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>healthy soil pores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Too much water can be just as damaging as too little.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181020793-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181020793-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181020793-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181020793-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image_2026-09-26_181020793.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Watering After Planting<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first few weeks and months can be critical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Newly planted plants have a limited established root system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They may require additional watering during:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dry weather<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hot weather<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>drought<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>windy conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact amount depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>plant size<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>weather<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>season<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rainfall<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>species<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>site exposure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Water the Root Zone<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Water should reach the root zone rather than simply wetting the foliage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A slow, thorough application is often more useful than a quick splash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not water automatically just because the calendar says:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cWater today.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Should We Feed After Planting?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usually:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>do not automatically feed a newly planted plant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The immediate priority is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>root establishment.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High levels of readily available nutrients can encourage excessive top growth before the root system has established properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many soils already contain sufficient nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>When Might Feeding Be Appropriate?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A soil test may indicate a nutrient deficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feeding may also be appropriate where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the soil is genuinely deficient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the plant has particular nutrient requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the planting situation requires it<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But feeding should be based on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>need<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">rather than:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>habit.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Fertiliser Is Not Plant Food<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The phrase:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cplant food\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">is common in gardening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plants manufacture their own food through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fertilisers provide mineral nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These include N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium) and other essential elements. A useful horticultural habit is therefore to think:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cDoes this plant need nutrients?\u201d<\/strong> rather than <strong>\u201cShould I give it food?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Should We Mulch?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mulching can be very useful after planting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A suitable organic mulch can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>reduce evaporation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suppress weeds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protect the soil surface<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>add organic matter over time<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>moderate soil temperature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, mulch must be applied correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>The Mulch Donut<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most important rules is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keep mulch away from the stem or trunk.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not create a <strong>mulch volcano<\/strong> around the base of a tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead create a <strong>mulch doughnut<\/strong>. The trunk should remain visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Why Not Mulch Against the Trunk?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Constantly wet organic material against the stem can contribute to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>decay<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>disease<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pest problems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bark damage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The root zone can be mulched.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stem should not be buried.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>How Much Mulch?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A suitable mulch layer is often around:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5\u20137.5 cm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">depending on the material and situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid excessively deep mulch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Very deep mulch can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>restrict oxygen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alter soil conditions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>encourage shallow rooting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>create problems around stems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>What Can Be Used as Mulch?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Possible materials include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>well-rotted garden compost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>well-rotted manure where appropriate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wood chip<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bark-based materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>leaf mould<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The material should be suitable for the planting situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid using contaminated or immature material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Mulching and Sustainability<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mulching can reduce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>watering requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>weed competition<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soil disturbance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can also make use of locally produced organic materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, mulch is not automatically sustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>where it came from<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>how far it travelled<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>how it was produced<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether it was a waste product<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether its use is appropriate for the site<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting Checklist<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before leaving the plant, check:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Correct plant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Correct location<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Correct depth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Root flare visible where appropriate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Roots healthy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Circling roots addressed where necessary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Soil firmed appropriately<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Plant stable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Stake appropriate if required<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Tie flexible and not damaging<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Watered in<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Mulched if appropriate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Mulch kept away from stem\/trunk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Aftercare arranged<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Tree, Shrub and Small Plant: What&#8217;s Different?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Small plant<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Shrub<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tree<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Smaller root system<\/td><td>Larger root system<\/td><td>Potentially very large root system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Usually establishes quickly<\/td><td>Requires consideration of mature size<\/td><td>Long-term structural investment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rarely requires staking<\/td><td>Usually does not require staking<\/td><td>May require staking<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Watering important<\/td><td>Watering important<\/td><td>Watering particularly important during establishment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Usually little structural concern<\/td><td>Mature spread important<\/td><td>Root flare and future canopy critical<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mulching useful<\/td><td>Mulching useful<\/td><td>Mulching often useful<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Usually easy to move<\/td><td>More difficult to move<\/td><td>Difficult and potentially expensive to move<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Common Planting Mistakes<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting too deeply<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most serious errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Digging a hole that is too narrow<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roots need room to spread sideways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Breaking up the surrounding soil poorly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roots need to be able to move into the existing soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Ignoring circling roots<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can lead to poor root development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Over-fertilising<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can encourage inappropriate growth and damage roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Forgetting to water<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">New plants can fail quickly in dry conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Overwatering<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roots also require oxygen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Mulching against stems<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can encourage decay and other problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Over-staking<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can prevent natural movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Leaving ties on too long<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can damage the developing trunk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>The Planting Decision Tree<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before planting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is the plant healthy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is the site suitable?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is the soil workable?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is the planting depth correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Are the roots healthy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does the plant need staking?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does it need watering in?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Would mulch be beneficial?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does it actually need fertiliser?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What aftercare will it require?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Practical Exercise<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plant one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>small plant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>shrub<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and, where appropriate and supervised:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>tree<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For each plant record:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Plant name<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Plant type<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Small plant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Shrub<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Tree<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Planting depth<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Root condition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Was root teasing necessary?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Yes \u2610 No<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Was staking necessary?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Yes \u2610 No<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Was the plant watered in?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Yes \u2610 No<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Was mulch applied?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Yes \u2610 No<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Was fertiliser applied?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Yes \u2610 No<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Student Questions<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>1. Why should a plant generally be planted at the same depth at which it was previously growing?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>2. What is a tree&#8217;s root flare?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>3. Why can planting a tree too deeply cause problems?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>4. Why might the roots of a container-grown plant need to be teased out?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>5. Should every root be cut when planting?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>6. Why might a newly planted tree require a stake?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>7. Where should a tree stake be positioned?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>8. Should a stake prevent all movement of the tree?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>9. Why do we water plants in after planting?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>10. Why should we not automatically fertilise a newly planted plant?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>11. What is the purpose of mulch?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>12. Why should mulch not touch the trunk of a tree?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>13. What is meant by a \u201cmulch volcano\u201d?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>14. Give three signs that a newly planted plant may be suffering from poor establishment.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Remember<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Planting is about establishment, not simply positioning.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do not plant too deeply.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check the root flare of trees.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tease out congested roots where appropriate, but avoid unnecessary root damage.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not every tree needs a stake.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A stake should support the tree while allowing appropriate movement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The position of the stake matters because it must avoid damaging roots and the trunk.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Water newly planted plants in thoroughly, then monitor them.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do not automatically fertilise after planting.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Feed because there is a demonstrated need, not because the plant has just been planted.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mulch can be valuable, but keep it away from the stem or trunk.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And perhaps the most important rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A plant is not established when it has been planted. It is established when its roots have successfully colonised the surrounding soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The job of the horticulturist is therefore not finished when the spade goes back in the shed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It has only just begun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), guidance on planting trees and shrubs, staking, watering, mulching and plant establishment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), guidance on soil preparation and planting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forestry Commission, guidance on tree planting and establishment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BS 8545, <em>Trees: from nursery to independence in the landscape \u2013 Recommendations<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BS 4428, <em>Code of practice for general landscape operations (excluding hard surfaces)<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International Society of Arboriculture (ISA), guidance on tree establishment, root systems and staking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Department for Environment, Food &amp; Rural Affairs (Defra), guidance relating to trees, soils and sustainable horticultural practice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Planting Trees, Shrubs and Smaller Plants Introduction Planting is one of the most basic horticultural operations, but it is surprisingly easy to get wrong.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-202","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=202"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":306,"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/202\/revisions\/306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardendesignersguild.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}